Bill Nye the Science Guy episodes 40 Respiration

hello hello Breathe In Breathe In Breathe Out breath out it's insiration it's wonder the show oh the show show build the Science Guy build n the science guide bill b b b b b build sciencey science Rules inertia is a property of matters science T seconds science when you have a need to breathe respire and you won't expire breathing is part of respiration that's how we get oxygen from the air so we can run or bike see oxygen is important because we combine oxygen with chemicals in the food we eat that's the energy that we need to [Applause] swim swimming is good exercise and you have to breathe a lot of oxygen to do it now you can swim around underwater holding your breath but still have to come up here for air to [Music] [Music] breathe and crossing the line b n and breathing breathing hard did you know that you breathe all day and all night your whole life when you breathe you take air inside parts of your body called your lungs your lungs are inside your chest and your chest is airtight yeah still breathing take a look at this it's a rubber balloon breathing simulator of science now these two rubber balloons repr represent your lungs this plastic tube represents your upper body it's the part of your body that lets you do this uhhuh and this glass head represents uh your head uh yeah now in your upper body is a very strong muscle called your diaphragm and that's represented by this big rubber sheet now watch when you breathe your diaphragm goes down your lungs fill up Isn't that cool that's how you breathe now when we breathe in our bodies get oxygen from the air now oxygen is the same chemical that makes candles burn and iron rust our bodies combine the oxygen with our food to get the energy that we need to live now your lungs are full of tiny passageways kind of like a sponge and those small passageways allow you to take in a lot of oxygen with each breath the same way a sponge can hold a lot of water now when you're asleep you breathe about this much air every 4 minutes but when you're walking around or making Tarzan noises use about this much air every minute and [Applause] [Music] so [Music] if we could look inside your chest we'd see how your lungs work now breathe in and breathe [Applause] out hey you me you come here all right do you actually know how much air your lungs can hold well I bet you don't so check this out okay get a jar that's empty and fill it with water then put the jar in a bowl of water mhm and turn it upside down making sure that the level of water in the jar is higher than the level of water in the bowl okay then get some plastic tubing or like a Bendy straw or something cuz they both work right and slide slide the TU moving under the rim of the jar and up through the jar to the top of the surface of the water all right all right yeah then hello oh sorry take a deep breath and blow and look the water level went down and the air bubble that's left that represents how much air I forced out of my lungs H come on you try it well I don't I don't really want to we'll see who's full of the okay Al beoli your cork is ready G it you know breathing hard playing tennis just makes you want to consider the [Music] following your lungs have as much surface area as a tennis court now surface area is how spread out something is surface area is what allows sponges to soak up water see sponges are full of tiny passages that have a lot of area and surface area is where the water sticks your lungs are full of tiny passages too little sacks called Alvi alvioli alvioli now every time you breathe you breathe in about this much air so your lungs are like having sponges that can soak up this much water every time you breathe your lungs have so much surface area to'd be like soaking up this much water and spreading it out over a whole tennis court you know that would be a lot of sponging be a lot of air it's a lot of lungs service [Music] huh [Music] you've got two lungs but they're not exactly the same your right lung is bigger than your left lung and your right lung is divided into three parts while your left lung is divided into two now why is that why is your left lung smaller than your right lung cuz you got a heart so your left lung has to be smaller so your heart can fit inside your chest you got to love your lungs with all your heart [Music] I'm Jane Robinson and I work with lungs this is a healthy lung and this is a sick lung a black lung a smoker's lung in my work I measure how healthy or how sick and diseased the lungs really are what I'm doing right now is hooking on the E G leads it will give us some information about how much oxygen is being delivered for Every Beat of his heart this is the hose that collects all the air that you breathe out the top line that you see there is the air going in and out of the lungs as you can see Peter's working a little harder so he's having to breathe harder his lungs are are breathing deeper and faster it's really important to get some physical exercise almost every day keep your muscles healthy keep your lungs healthy your muscles can't do any work without your lungs the next line down is the carbon dioxide the accumulation of the carbon dioxide in your legs actually Burns it feels like an acid it's like lemon juice in your legs and so that's where the pain comes from when you're trying to work at a level more than what your lungs can supply it's really important to get your body working heavily because then you get the air flowing in and out of your lungs and a really high rate you expand your lungs you keep them open and you use your muscles there at the other end where the oxygen goes so everything is like a really efficient wellworking race [Music] [Applause] engine we get the oxygen that we need from the air we breathe that's respiration but there's another type of respiration that happens in our cells called cellular respiration our cells combine chemicals and the food we eat with oxygen to store energy in another simple chemical called ATP a t p adenosine triphosphate adenosine triphosphate adenosine Tri Tri triphosphate here once your body has oxygen it can make adenosine triphosphate adenosine Tri Tri triphosphate phosphate from almost any food it can be hot dogs spinach or crab meat hey if you like that kind of thing your body uses ATP as a sort of chemical battery it stores energy and then lets it Go stores it and lets it Go just keeps going and going and going and going and going and going and going and going and going and going and going and going and [Music] going these are the Scottish bike pipes we use the bag as a reservoir for air like a lung when you blow up the pipes like this you could actually play them for quite a while the bag holds air just like your lungs [Music] do you can see how the diaphram in the lungs work together so you can breathe by getting a hold of an empty pot bottle and then cut cutting it about this far away from the top then stick a balloon through the top of the pot bottle and you might want to roll the top of the balloon over the top of the bottle so it'll stay and stuff then get a big balloon and cut a big piece out of it and attach it to the opening at the bottom of the pot bottle and tape it and hey look what you got the pop bottle is like your chest the top balloon is like your lung and the bottom balloon is like your diaphragm and look what happens when you push and pull on the diaphram the lungs expand or get bigger and contract that's how we get oxygen to our lungs science sure is cool when you breathe in your diaphragm pulls down and air rushes into your lungs it's just like pulling the sides apart on an accordion see then when you let the sides go back together air goes out the same thing happens when you relax your diaphragm [Music] [Applause] [Music] karate is a very rigorous and demanding sport and as in any sport like that breathing is [Music] critical that's where your focus is but in order to have any power or strength in that movement you have to make sure that your breathing is very [Music] controlled the power comes from the diaphragm not from the [Music] throat karate it's breathing and it's cool [Music] oh it's just plant plan with slime you know you and I have slime inside of us in our nose and lungs it's called mucus and mucus traps dust particles in Smoke and keeps them from getting into our lungs now take a look at this we have a cigarette hooked up to an air pump with a filter in the middle it's just like a regular old coffee filter now watch what happens when we light the cigarette and use the pump to smoke it there we smoked one cigarette all the way down now let's look at the filter look it's brown and black with tar and soot all that stuff goes in your lungs now just think if you smoked a pack of cigarettes say every month or every week or some people smoke a pack a day that's a lot of junk getting in your lungs getting in your filter getting in your mucus so don't smoke you don't want to end up like this guy howy ho friends Sammy coel here to sell you on cellular respiration and no I'm not talking about that first kind of respiration where you use all them big fancy structures like lungs and nose and mouth and all that I'm talking about cellular respiration and I'm not talking about a cellular phone that breathes either friend I'm talking about when a cell takes in oxygen and then Glo energy is released and a little bit of waste product called carbon dioxide and what you friends is one lean mean respiring machine now every living cell in your body does cellular respiration and let me tell you what I'm going to do and I don't do this for just everybody here in the laboratory but you're a friend of mine and I'm going to let your cells respire for the unheard of price of just $29.95 looks pretty complicated doesn't it well it's the chemical formula for cellular respiration and you don't have to be some kind of pulmonologist to understand it it's where we combine chemicals in the food we eat with oxygen in the air we breathe to get the energy that we need to live so this plus this makes this W this is a Hooper [Music] the H you couldn't breathe we can't breathe underwater unless we bring our own oxygen with us but fish can because air mixes with water all the time and some of it dissolves and then fish are able to breathe the dissolved oxygen right out of the water not with lungs like we [Music] have but with gills fish swim along with their mouths open to let water flow past their gills oxygen the water goes right through their gills into their blood and carbon dioxide in their blood goes right through the gills into the water see they breathe just like we do only with water right guys all these medicines are set up to help you when you have a cold see it's easy easy for germs to get in your body when the germs are in the air because they can get in every time you breathe and you've got to breathe breath mint bill now people not only get sick from stuff in the air some people have an allergic reaction like from dust or pollen from flowers it gives people runny noses and watery eyes see that that's the squirting flow for the watery eyes you should always carry a handkerchief you know now wait hold this bread a little longer uh-huh see what has happened your body has used up the air taken all the good out of it every time we breathe we breathe in over 10 quadrillion molecules of Air 10 quadrillion that's a 10 million billion molecules of air into our lungs that's a lot of molecules and the atmosphere mixes up the air so much that every time we breathe we might be inhaling at least one molecule Breathe In by say a great scientist like Gallo maybe that was it I'll try again no ow or maybe it's this one no okay no no no the room is spinning Dave let's breathe out that bad air and take a breath of fresh air Ah that's better isn't [Music] it we got to long to BR baby let you what a beautiful we got to long to be in the baby let you what a beautiful eat that baby breathing deep eny to play in a change to S always something our life must do and that means me then there's you we've got too long to in the baby let you what a [Music] beautiful you're to baby taking Sweet Air love to watch you breae you're doing it with love LS and LS collapse you got such attitude oygen a you got to have food we got too long to BR in the baby a [Music] beautiful what well that's our show thanks for watching if you excuse me I've got some oxygen uptake to maximize see you don't forget keep breathing producing association with the National Science Foundation can't try to stop you keep breathing yeah fresh air a couple of [Music] lungs [Music] [Music] w