recording on YouTube and so without further Ado i' like to thank you Stephen thank you all for having me back this are the fifth time that I've spoken here but either your GL of punishment or your desperate it's nice nice to speak um hope it' be nice for you to listen um I thought we might spend some time this morning against something which we recite every single day and that's the 30 principles of rabish sh I've actually got a the list of the 13 there an A Memoir pass this round and we say this religiously every single day we prac clown call perhaps we don't always give it the attention it deserves and may dare I say it I suspect sometimes it falls into the if time is lacking category which is great shame because it fulfills a really important function Al though we're very anxious that we should all spend every day some time studing Torah mishna and TM Torah we have because we say the daily sacrific mishna we do we said the is Mom eight mnas from from there and this is the introduction to the shra it's a brigher from the C which is the midash on and that fulfills the role of to so it's really important we do say it every day so to refresh our memories I thought we can look at these 13 principles and maybe give one example for each so the first one k maybe the most wellknown K literally means lenient and STS um usually comes with the Latin next a foror how you pronounce I don't know which means from the strong argument right it's a logical deduction right if I can't jump high enough to reach the ceiling here I said jump higher to touch the roof that's very simple terms um but we use it to use it to pose um situations where we learn one thing from another and F enough Rashi quoting a mid says there actually Ted examles of in the Torah so one of them is mhe says if the Israelites w't listen to me listen to me that's a sort of but we're going to look at an example in the and this is from it talks about the relative rules regarding to lvim and Karim now Karim aren't allowed to perform their Priestly duties if they have a m of blemish there's no retirement the ve on the other hand age of 50 the have to retire they can't carry on I think they're allowed to stand guard but they can't perform the the IAL duties um so the question is in the gor they say should they be banned if they have a blemish as well if khim who can carry on um without retirement have to stand down for a blemish then Sur who can only serve till 50 surely they should stand they have a blemish as well so they they refute it reverse actually says specifically this is a rule for about requiring it so that's an idea of how they use although in this case it wasn't um effective second one on your list sh the general rule can be inferred from a similar phrase in two places example I'd like to give you uh is the word in the daily sacrifices we said this morning our daily offerings including Shabbat have to be done when it comes to the it says the r deriv from that the same shab therefore since the daily offerings can be form on Shabbat the PES offering can also be done on the Shabbat even though some of the sermon is there would go against the laws of shabat there are conditions of gazar you can't just find two words that you like similar words and make it your own laws Z has to be a tradition has to be traditionally held down the two expressions must be from the Torah and the words should not should be Superfluous what call M should be free right the vers is stand own without those words and if all those conditions are met then it's gazer similar to gazer but not identical are the rules heish and heish are where you have two laws in the same verse and you have two laws two adjacent verses if there's time at the end we'll go back with that I'm not sure we we'll manage that for another time so let's look the third one on your list so a general rule in one verse or general rule derived from two verses okay so a general rule from one verse Torah says you're not allowed to marry your sister whether it's a maternal sister or paternal sister half sister and therefore the gr has deriv from that even your father's sister whether it's from from the mother or from his father maternal or paternal from that same one general rule from two verses we have a verse saying that if you if if you are in a field Vineyard um a laborer can eat as he's finishing his work can eat from The Grapes you know the perks he can have the the grapes and the next verse says if it's a field of standing form he can help himself to the corn what do we do about if it's other plants if it was other fruits what's the rule there you can't derive it from either of those too because Vineyard has specific rule with olot leanings from great and you can't derive it just from standing corn the standing corn has a specific rule about the rules of Kal but the gumar says what do they have in common they have in common shle both things grow from the ground therefore they derve Anything Grows on the ground workers can help themselves if they're working in those fields on to number four we getting this slowly now to number four M CL Prat CL is a general rule Pratt is specific rule if you have a general term followed by one or two particular examples then it's limited to those particular circumstances so they have a pass up from cattle from the her from the so Bima is a general thing then it says herds and flocks which are domesticated so the rule is the general term is limited to the specific only domesticated animals allowed to give as a progam the next one is around so you have particular and then the general if the particular instances are stated first then the general category in instances other than the particular ones are included it's as if the particular ones are just examples so we have a pass you if you give your your neighbor to look after a donkey an ox a lamb or any animal so the the the particular comes first and general the idea is um these other most specifically mentioned can be included they're just examples however number six there if it's CL it's General then a specific then General again then the law is interpreted in terms of the specific here they're very technical I'm whizzing through bear with me okay so this is if you want to redeem your you take your tithes and if you can't take the actual stuff up to Jerusalem you can redeem it for money then take the money to Jerusalem and buy things there the verse says you give them the money whatever your soul wants hers flocks wine and strong drink anything that your soul what wishes so you have a general everything that you want then specific blocks herds wine drink then General again everything that you that you would like then you take it Jerusalem so from this you learn it has to be like those specific ones that they mentioned so it has to be food or drink you can take Jerusalem you can't redeem it on other number seven is here you have a general and specific and both need each other so the example I brought for this one is redeeming of the firstborn so I'll just read here we know the verse sanctify for me your firstborn the opening of the wound man and Beast it should be okay and then later in it says it mentions the M says this an example of General need specific but the specific on its own wouldn't be good you need the general said how does this work sanctify me all the firstborn you might think includes females first one femal should be included therefore you have the other verse saying if he just said male you might think it might be a male after feale came first therefore it says opens the W just one opens the wom you might think even cesarian so I'm not sure how they did cesarian in the old days some way of being born without normal way you might think even one that comes after cesarian therefore it says a first so you've got the general and specific and each one needs the other number eight anything is in the general category and it comes out to teach something it's not just to teach particular thing but to teach about the entire category so we have a in the Torah that talks about categories of sacrifices this is the law for the burnt offering for the meal offering for the sin offering for the guilt offering the offerings used the investig ceremony and peace offerings another verse seems to single out Jamin if you eat um while you're in a state of ritual impurity your if youim in the state of tum then you have why just mention schlim to this principle the schlam is an example to teach all similar sacrifices those who work on the those offer on the altar have the same punishment cor on to number nine okay so if you have a particular instance of a general rule then the the similar to those included in general rule only the relaxation general not restrictions are to be applied sounds a bit go clar um we have a verse M if you kill anyone you you're put to death nothing about accidental nothing about Del you kill somebody you put to death but we have another verse in bid that if you kill somebody accidentally they should go the Aram mikl the cities of ref you the City of Refuge that were set that there were six Cities of Refuge out of the 48 RS it is yes and if you kill some the examp if you're using an Axe and the head of the ax comes off and goes flying and kills someone it's that too vle then the the um Avenger of of the victim might come for you you go to the City of Refuge to the courts can decide whether you're guilty or not and if you're innocent you you stay in the City of Refuge till the co passes away here's very clear accidental that murder death B to be accidental so the principle of having a separate uh specific it teaches leniency instead of being strict so you get the Exile you don't get the death penalty as well however number 10 if the instances are dissimilar from those in the general rule then you have to apply relaxations and restrictions so we found an example of this if you purchase for yourself a Hebrew servant you should serve for you for six years go then on about a maid servant if a man SS his daughter to be a ma servant why would he do such a thing why why would you say daugh be am if if you're destitute you can't feed your family that's what they had to do Ser themselves or their servants lot he doesn't go out in the way of servant in the so there different for Fe as the males there's leniency with a female servant because they can go free before six years if the girl attains puberty or if the master dies the girl goes free but there's stringency for the poor maid servant because she can be betrothed to the master or to his son against her will doesn't seem right say lency and stency in this particular number 11 okay okay if you if something in the general category something new is taught can't you can't go back to the category unless the pass specifically says you can an example of this family of recuring can all e truma right children can all truma truma was the offering un you had a feel you had to give a 50th to the coen's truma or the other tides and the coen's family can all the truma if a Cohen marries somebody who's not a Coen she can e true but if a daughter of a Cohen marries somebody who's not a Cohen she stops she say she's out of it she's out of the Coen family she kind Trum in so what happens if the daughter of a CO marries uh a non-co but then she's divorced or or the husband dies she's after of the trim what happens the P says she should go back to her father's house all right say because the uh P specifically says she go back she can otherwise you'll be out for good number 12 okay you can learn things from do me you know from the from the context or you can learn things from what comes in the same passage we at the end now in the Ten Commandments we have ltic no you shall not steal that doesn't mean anything it specifically means kidnapping because it in it's in the in is L enough you shall not commit adultery shall not murder those are capital fenes so which in there with them is also Capital fence the only theft which is a capital fence is kidnapping think it refers to kidnapp um so that's no Ando um we found an example so that the verse uh talking about Sarat I've tried to most of these examples if you look in the book it's all leprosy and nid didn't want upset your breakfast with those examples so but this this one so I found other examples but just one example here the Torah talks about striking a house with s doesn't say what sort of house what it's made out of the later verse specifies when T then you you destroy the house it Stones wood with the mortar of the house so you go back to that first verse it's only a house made of these things that can be struck by S if you're the house made of other materials it can't be struck by SAR and we're up to number 13 folks the last one okay two verses contradict each other till the third verse comes and resolves it so we have a lovely verse um Hashem says to Abraham Isaac will be your descendants a later verse hasem tells to AB take Isaac offer as a burn offering to cont one the other if it's going to be the your off how can you off himself a blood offering but the third verse which we actually need rash for uh in the after the the angel comes and the angel says don't stretch your hand to the to the lad don't do anything to him and the midash brought by rash explains that he never was he never was ordered to kill him literally means and take him up right from the word Aliah not the not kill him but take him up to be ready for burnt offering all right so we never actually to kill him so that was a very Weir stop talk with the 13 principles with the example of each thank you all for listening is is that tomorrow morning we will understand what we're talking about rather know go do which we nor think it is but was orally stud English law not from the religious side of it but the reasonings part of their teaching in English law all the different angles is what they're T originally basically down here [Music] right if if Joe blogs died on the 15th of January aori who couldn't have killed Fred Smith on the 20 of J of we read things we read things rush through things in our prayers or you know early part of the prayers and we have no don't even think about what we're talking about we're just mumbling words in fact there's so much background to to um to what we what we say so so thank you very much for that thanks for in anyway um um thank you caroling as usual um I will um give details of next week's talk at some stage this week uh have a good week everyone I will now stop the recording and I'll say the brona