Black Codes and the Need for Change [Music] the American Civil War ended slavery yet its legacy cast a long Shadow over the nation in the South newly freed black Americans faced immense challenges Southern States enacted Black Codes these laws severely restricted the freedoms of black people black codes controlled their labor and movement they aimed to maintain a system of white supremacy Congress recognized the Injustice of the Black Codes these codes undermined the very purpose of the Civil War the war had been fought for freedom and equality Congress sought to address this Injustice they passed the 14th Amendment the 14th Amendment aimed to fundamentally reshape the relationship between the states and the federal government it aimed to protect the rights of all citizens the 14th amendment was a radical departure from the past it was a promise of equal protection under the law This Promise extended to all citizens regardless of race it was a Beacon of Hope for millions of newly freed black Americans the amendment aimed to ensure that the rights won on the battlefield would be protected in the courts however the fight for equality was far from Over the 14th Amendment faced immediate resistance its opponents sought to undermine its power and limit its impact the struggle for equal rights would continue for Generations it would be a long and arduous journey to fully realize the promise of the 14th The 14th Amendment and its Goals Amendment the 14th Amendment is a Cornerstone of American Civil Rights law ratified in 1868 it sought to address the injustices of slavery and its aftermath the amendment contains several important Clauses these Clauses protect fundamental rights and freedoms the citizenship Clause granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States this included formerly enslaved people it overturned The Dread Scott Decision this decision had denied citizenship to Black Americans the Privileges or immunities clause protected the fundamental rights of citizens the due Process Clause ensured that no state could deprive any person of life liberty or property without due process of law perhaps the most significant part of the 14th Amendment is the equal protection Clause this Clause mandates that states provide equal protection of the laws to all persons within their jurisdiction this Clause was intended to prevent discrimination it aimed to ensure equal treatment for black Americans the 14th amendment was a bold and ambitious attempt to redefine the relationship between the federal government and the states it sought to create a more just and Equitable Society the amendment's framers envisioned a nation where all citizens were treated equally under the law however the road to equality was long and difficult the 14th Amendment faced immediate challenges its opponent sought to weaken its impact despite these challenges the 14th Amendment remained a powerful tool for social The Supreme Court Undermines the 14th Amendment change the 14th Amendment faced immediate resistance southern states were determined to maintain white supremacy they enacted Jim Crow laws these laws segregated public facilities they denied black Americans basic rights the Supreme Court played a key role in undermining the 14th amendment in a series of decisions the court narrowed the scope of the amendment it upheld segregation and discrimination one of the most damaging decisions was py versus Ferguson in 1896 this Case established the separate but equal Doctrine this Doctrine allowed for racial segregation the Court's interpretation of the 14th Amendment had devastating consequences for black Americans it legitimized Jim Crow it denied them equal opportunities in education housing and employment the promise of the 14th Amendment seemed distant the Court's decisions reinforced a system of racial inequality the fight for civil rights continued activists challenged segregation and discrimination they organized protests and filed lawsuits they demanded that the nation live up to the ideals of the 14th Amendment it would take Decades of struggle to overturn py vers Ferguson the fight for equal rights would continue well into the 20th century the 14th Amendment though weakened remained a powerful symbol of the ongoing Quest For A New Era for Equal Protection? The 14th Amendment in the 20th Century [Music] Justice the 20th century witnessed a dramatic shift in the interpretation and application of the 14th Amendment the Civil Rights Movement gained momentum activists challenged segregation and discrimination they demanded equal rights and opportunities the Supreme Court began to reconsider its earlier decisions in Brown's Board of Education in 1954 the court declared state sponsored segregation in public schools unconstitutional this Landmark ruling overturned py vers Ferguson it marked a turning point in the fight for racial equality the Court's decision in Brown verse Board of Education had a profound impact on American society it led to the desegregation of schools and other public facilities the Civil Rights Act of 19 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 further strengthened the 14th Amendment they outlawed discrimination based on race color religion sex or national origin the 14th Amendment also played a crucial role in expanding the rights of other groups it was used to challenge discrimination based on gender disability and sexual orientation the Court's interpretation of the 14th Amendment continued to evolve it recognized the right to privacy in Griswald vers con iate in 1965 it affirmed a woman's right to an abortion in roie Wade in The 14th Amendment in the 21st Century 1973 the 14th Amendment remains as relevant today as it was in 1868 it continues to shape the legal landscape and influence public policy its principles of equal protection and due process are fundamental to a just Society the 14th Amendment faces new challenges in the 21st century issues such as voting rights immigration and lgbtq plus equality are at the Forefront of legal and political debates the interpretation of the 14th Amendment will continue to evolve as Society grapples with these complex issues the 14th Amendment is a living document its meaning and application are constantly being reinterpreted and reimagined it is a reminder of the ongoing struggle for equality and justice in America the fight for civil rights is a marathon not a Sprint the 14th Amendment serves as a Beacon of Hope and a powerful tool for change it is a testament to the enduring power of the Constitution to adapt to new challenges and Safeguard the rights of all Americans